Statements
الجمله
الخبريه
** في التحويل من مباشر إلي
غير مباشر
1- فعل القول say (s) ------ say
(s) say (s) to -----------
tell (s)
2- أداة الربط that والتي يمكن حذفها .
3- ولو أن فعل القول مضارع لا تتحول الأزمنة داخل
الأقواس
4- لو أن فعل القول ماضي said -------- said said to ------- told
وفى هذه الحالة فإننا نحول الفعل من مضارع إلي ماضي كالآتي :-
Am/ is
-------- was are -------
were have / has ------- had Do / does -------
did
can ----- could will --------- would May -------- might must -------- had to
5- إذا لم نجد هذه الكلمات السابقة
فإننا نحول الفعل الأساسي إلي ماضي بسيط .
6- إذا
وجدت الفعل داخل الأقواس ماضي بسيط يحول إلي ماضي تام.
7- الحقائق داخل الأقواس دائما لا
تتغير .
8- هناك كلمات تتغير داخل الأقواس وهى :-
Here
------- there this ---------
that these ----- those
now ------- then
next…..the
following ago -------- before
yesterday ------- the day before Tomorrow -------- the next day last……the previous
9- داخل الأقواس الضمائر
تتغير كالآتي ( حسب المتكلم ) :-
I --------- he / she
my------ his / her Me ------- him/ her Your ------- my you -------- I
e.g. 1- Ali says, ‘’ I will play football ‘’.
Ali says that he will play football.
2- Ali says to me, ‘’ I`m eating lunch’’.
Ali tells me that he is eating lunch.
3- Huda said, ‘’I have eaten dinner lately’’.
Huda said that she had eaten dinner lately.
4- Huda said to me, ‘’The sun rises in the morning’’.
Huda told me that the sun ries in the morning.
5- She said, ‘’I saw the film with my family’’.
She said that she had seen the film with her family.
6- Ahmed said,’’ You give me the book’’.
Ahmed said I gave him the book.
7- Mona said to me, ’’I went to the club yesterday’’.
Mona told me she had gone to the club the day before.
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