الجمعة، 16 أغسطس 2013

Active and Passive

في التحويل من مبنى للمعلوم إلي مبنى للمجهول نتبع الآتي :- 

1- نبدأ بالمفعول       2- إحضار v.to be  حسب الزمن                                                     3- التصريف الثالث للفعل

ففي المضارع البسيط is / are + p.p.
1- She plays tennis at the club.
Tennis is played at the club.
والماضي البسيط was / were + p.p.
2- He saw the lion in the zoo.
The lion was seen in the zoo.
المضارع التام والماضي التام تكتب been  بعد have / has / had
3- The secretary has written a letter
A letter has been written. 
في المضارع المستمر تكتب being  بعد am / is / are  
4- We are eating lunch at the moment
Lunch is being eaten at the moment

في الماضي المستمر تكتب being  بعد was / were
5- He was eating eggs for breakfast.
Eggs were being eaten for breakfast.
إذا وجدنا فعل ناقص بالجملة تكتب بعده be  
6- We will watch a film tomorrow
A film will be watched tomorrow
هناك كلمات تعد أفعال ناقصة وهى :-  

Ought to / need to / have to / has to / had to

7- We ought to study English hard.
English ought to be studied hard.
إذا كانت الجملة منفية بــ don`t  أو doesn`t  نستخدم isn`t / aren`t  
8- We don`t speak French at home
French isn`t spoken at home.
 إذا كانت الجملة منفية بــ didn`t  نستخدم wasn`t / weren`t  
9- She didn`t buy a car last year.
A car wasn`t bought last year.
إذا كان الفعل ذو مفعولين وبدأنا بالمفعول الغير عاقل تكتب to  قبل العاقل
Me ----- I     him ----- He    her ------ she        us------we      them -----they
10- He gave me a pencil yesterday ( I ) ( A pencil )
- I was given apencil yesterday.
- A pencil was given to me yesterday.

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